Studi Komparatif Antara Asbab Al-Wurud dan Analisis Mikro-Makro dalam Studi Hadis

Abstrak

Contemporary hadith studies face a serious academic deadlock due to an over-reliance on pure micro-classical methods, which subsequently triggers acute literalism and ahistorical biases that counterproductively affect public welfare. This study aims to formulate a new methodological synthesis in the study of asbāb al-wurūd capable of bridging the dichotomy between the micro-classical approach of Al-Suyuti and the macro-contextual approach based on Fazlur Rahman’s Double Movement theory. Employing a qualitative library research design through a critical literature review model with a historical-philosophical approach, this integrative formula is operationally tested on the hadith regarding the "zina of body parts" (HR. Muslim no. 4802). The findings reveal that these two approaches do not negate each other but rather operate dialectically. From a micro perspective, the hadith functions as bayān al-tafsīl that details the practical boundaries of the concept of al-lamam (minor sins), whereas from a macro perspective, it embodies the universal principle of sadd adz-dzarī‘ah as a preventive measure to protect the moral order of society. The novelty of this research lies in the reconstruction of an applicative synthesis that positions the micro method as an anchor for the validity of historical data and the macro method as a transformer of textual values. The implication of this study offers a methodological breakthrough for the renewal of Islamic legal reasoning in Indonesia that is humanistic, flexible, and responsive to modern social challenges aligned with the objectives of Islamic law (Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah).