Konsep Manusia Ideal dalam Prespektif Friedrich Nietzsche dan Syed M Naquib Al-Attas
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study discusses the comparison between the concept of the ideal human in Friedrich Nietzsche's thinking with the idea of Übermensch and Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas with the concept of Insān Kullī. This research is important because it delves into the ontological foundations that shape the direction and values in the formation of the ideal human being, which directly impacts the direction of civilization. The purpose of this research is to analysis the basic characteristics of each concept and to reveal the fundamental differences in Western and Islamic worldviews. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review and descriptive analysis method. The results of this research show that Übermensch is an individual who rejects transcendent values and builds an autonomous existence through the will to power, while Insān Kullī is a civilised figure who submits to revelation and balances reason and spirituality. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive comparative approach between two contrasting philosophical paradigms. Its implications are that understanding the ideal human being within the framework of each metaphysics is crucial in determining the direction of education, social development, and civilisational identity. These findings are also relevant as a conceptual foundation for the development of education and character building based on spiritual and intellectual values.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
How to Cite
References
Abdullah, M. Z. I. & wan S. W. (2021). Adab dan Peradaban: Karya Pengi’tirafan Untuk Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. MPH. Group Publishing Sdn Bhd.
Abubakar, R. (2021). Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian. SUKA-Press UIN Sunan Kalijaga.
Aditya, D. (2013). Data Dan Metode Data Pengumpulan Data Penelitian. Politeknik Kesehatan Surakarta.
Afifah, M. N. (2022). Konsep Insan Kamil Ibnu Arabi (Kajian Spiritual Healing terhadap Gangguan Jiwa). OSF Reprint, 1–16.
Ahmad Rizal, D. (2020). Konsep Manusia Sempurna Menurut Pandangan Friedrich Williams Nietzsche Dan Ibnu Arabi; Sebuah Analisa Komparatif. Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat Dan Pemikiran Islam, 20(1), 69–83.
Al-attas, S. M. N. (2005). Risalah Untuk Kaum Muslimin. ISTAC.
Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1978). Islam and Schularism. ISTAC.
Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1992). Islam: The Concept of Religion and the Foundation of Ethics and Morality. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1995). Prolegomena to The Metaphysics of Islam. ISTAC.
Al-Attas, S. M. N. (2007). Tinjauan Ringkas Peri Ilmu dan Pandangan Alam. Universitas Sains Malaysia.
Ambun, O. F. (2024). Übermensch: Konsep Manusia Ideal Menurut Friedrich W. Nietzsche. Ledalero Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif.
Ariani, R., & Ritonga, M. (2024). Analisis Pembinaan Karakter: Membangun Transformasi Insan Kamil Menurut Pemikiran Imam Al-Ghazali. Jurnal Inovatif Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 3(2), 174–187.
Baidan, N. (2015). Metodologi Khusus Penelitian Tafsir. Institut Agama Islam Negeri Surakarta.
Dacey, M. (2017). Anthropomorphism as Cognitive Bias. Philosophy of Science, 84(5), 1152–1164.
Daud, W. M. N. W. (2017). Peranan University: Pengislaman Ilmu Semasa, Penafibaratan, dan Penafijajahan. CASIS-HAKIM.
Effendi, D. (1987). Adam, Khudi, dan Insan Kamil: Pandangan Iqbal tentang Manusia. Pustaka Grafitipers.
Friedrich Nietzsche. (2001a). The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, Twilight of the Idols, Aaron Ridley & Judith Norman (Ed). Cambridge University Press.
Friedrich Nietzsche. (2001b). The Gay Science With a Prude in German Rhymes and an Appendix of Songs. Cambridge University Press.
Friedrich Nietzsche. (2015). Zarathustra Terj H.B. Jassin. Narasi.
Hasan, F. (1992). Berkenalan dengan Eksistensialisme. Pustaka Jaya.
Hasib, K. (2020). Konsep Insān Kulli menurut Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. Tasfiyah, 4(2).
Husaini, A. (2013). Filsafat Ilmu Prespektif Barat dan Islam. Gema Insani.
Ihsan, N. H., Jamal, Kusuma, A. R., Sakti, M. D. A. B., & Rahmadi, A. (2022). Worldview Sebagai Landasan Sains dan Filsafat: Perspektif Barat dan Islam. Jurnal Reflektika, 17(1), 31–61.
Ihsan, N. H., Khoerudin, F., & Kusuma, A. R. (2022). Konsep Insan Kamil Al-Jilli Dan Tiga Elemen Sekularisme. AL-AFKAR : Journal for Islamic Studies, 5(4), 48–66..
Iqbal, M. (1985). Pesan dari Timur judl asli “Payam-l Mashriq” terj Abdul Hadi. Penerbit pustaka.
Iqbal, M. (2013). The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Stanford University Press.
Iqbal, S. M. (1976). Rahasia-Rahasia Pribadi terj Bahrum Rangkuti. Penerbit Bulan Bintang.
Kaufmann, W. (1950). Nietzsche Philosopher, Psycologist, Antichrist. Princenton University Press.
Latifah, S. N. (2021). Pemikiran Al-Ghazali Tentang Pendidik dan Peserta Didik dalam Kitab Ihya’ Ulumuddin. Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangkaraya, 1–102.
Levine, P. (2002). Nietzsche Krisis Manusia Modern. IRCiSoD.
Lorens Bagus. (1996). Kamus Filsafat. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Magnis-Suseno, F. (2006). Menalar Tuhan. Kanisius.
Putra, I. K. R. (2022). TRAGEDI PEMBUNUHAN TUHAN DALAM MENCIPTAKAN MANUSIA UNGGUL (Konstruk Pemikiran Fredrich Nietzsche). JURNAL PENALARAN RISET (Journal of Reasoning Research), 1(01), 32–39.
Rahmat Ardi Nur Rifa Da’i, Cep Gilang As-Shufi, F. K. (2021). Konsep Manusia Ideal: Studi Komparatif Pemikiran Abdul Karim Al-Jili dan Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. Prosiding Konferensi Integrasi Interkoneksi Islam Dan Sains, 3, 49–58.
Rahmawati, D., & Insiroh, E. P. (2022). Hakikat Manusia dalam Filsafat Islam; Menguak Hakikat Manusia dalam Filsafat Ibnu Arabi. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Theology and Philosophy, 4(1), 1–21.
Robert C. Bogdan & Sari Knopp Biklen. (1982). Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods.
Saiyidain, K. G. (1981). Percikan Filsafat Iqbal tentang Pendidikan Terj M.I. Soelaiman. CV. Diponegoro.
Sandimula, N. S. (2023). De-Westernisasi Konsep Manusia: Menelaah Konsep Syed Naquib Al-Attas tentang Hakikat Manusia. Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat Dan Pemikiran
Sunardi, S. (1996). Nietzsche. LkiS.
Suseno, F. M. (1997). 13 Tokoh Etika Sejak Zaman Yunani Sampai Abad ke-19. Kanisius.
Syahid, A. (2001). Dunia Imaginal Ibnu ’Arabi: kretivitas imajinasi dan persoalan diversitas agama. Risalah Gusti.
Tampilang, R. (2024). Agama Kehilangan Tuhan: Sebuah Telaah Kritis “Kematian Tuhan” Dari Friedrich W. Nietzsche dan Pembacaanya di Indonesia. Haggadah: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan, 5(1), 50–58.
Wiguna, R. W. (2023). Pemikiran Filsafat Nietzsche dan Sosiologi ÜBERMENCH. ZARATHUSTRA Jurnal Sosiologi Dan Filsafat, 1(1), 1–12.
Zarkasyi, H. F. (2010). Peradaban Islam: Makna dan Strategi Pembangunannya. Cios.